DNA Replication/ Protein Synthesis

DNA Replication is the process of replicating a DNA strand in a semi- conservative sense. First the Helicase comes in and unwind the strands by breaking the hydrogen bond. Then the RNA primase adds short sequences of RNA to both strands (the primer). Thirdly the primer allows DNA polymerase III to bind and start replication. Then DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to each template strand in a 5'→3' direction. These nucleotides are initially deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates but they lose two phosphate groups during the replication process to release energy. One strand is replicated in a continuous manner in the same direction as the replication fork (leading strand. The other strand is replicated in fragments (Okazaki fragments) in the opposite direction (lagging strand). Then the DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA. Finally, DNA ligase then joins the Okazaki fragments together to form a continuous strand

Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes by which individual cells build their specific proteins. Within the process are involved both DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and different in their function ribonucleic acids (RNA). The process is initiated in the cell’s nucleus, where specific enzymes unwind the needed section of DNA, which makes the DNA in this region accessible and a RNA copy can be made. This RNA molecule then moves from the nucleus to the cell cytoplasm, where the actual the process of protein synthesis take place.